初中英语基础知识及要点透析
初中英语基础知识及要点透析:数 词
(1)13-19都是以后-teen结尾。
注意:tirteen fifteen eighteen的拼写。
(2)20-90等十位数的整数均为后缀-ty结尾。
注意:twenty/forty/fifty/eighty的拼写。
(3)十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”,百位数和十位数之间要用and.
Thirty-five three hundred and sixty-five(365)
(4)hundred,thousand,million在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。
如:five hundred people/two thousand/eight million.
只有在表达笼统的复数时才加s,构成复数形式。
Hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的
Thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的
Millions of 数百万的
注意:这些词组前不能用具体数字。
(5)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时,用逢十的基数词的复数。
In the thirties 在30年代
in his fifties 在他50多岁时
2、序数词
(1)基数词变序数词,其规律为:
①1、2、3特殊记,从4起加“th”
(first/second/third/fourth)
②8少t,9去e,一定要牢记(eighth,ninth)
③逢5逢12,ve变f(fifth/twelfth)
④20到90,y要变ie(twentieth/ninetieth)
⑤若是几十几,前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)
(2)序数词前一般要用定冠词“the”。
The sixtieth day.
注意:we,ll have to do it a tird time.我们要重做一次,已做过两次了)
如序数词前用不定冠词“a/an”时,不表示在具体范围内的“第几…”,表示没有范围的“又一…”
(3)分数表达法:分子是基数词,分母是序数词,如果用作分子的基数词大于1时,用作分母的序数词用复数形式。
1/2 one half 1/3 one third
1/4 one quarter 5/6 five sixths
3、钟点表达法
顺序法(钟点+分钟)
如:
4:30(four thirty)
4:15(four fifteen)
4:45(four forty-five)
倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点)
如:
4:30(half past four)
4:15(fifteeen past four/a quarter past four)
4:45(fifteen to five/a quart to five)
4、表示距离、款额、时间等的复数名词,若用以表示单位时常作单数。
(1)five years is a long time.
(2)one hundred miles is a long distance.
初中英语基础知识及要点透析:代 词
1、形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语,主语和宾语,相当于一个名词。
2、注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如:three books aren,t ours.ours are new.(这里ours=our books)
This is not our room,ours is over there(这里ours=our room)。
3、of+名词性物主代词表示所属。
如:a sister of his 他的一个妹妹,a friend of mine我的一个朋友
4、人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为:第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。
如:you,she and I all enjoy the music.
5、反身代词可做宾语,表语或同位语,复习时掌握一些固定的结构。
Enjoy oneself=have a good time(过得很愉快)
By oneself=alone(单独,独自)
Help oneself to……(随便吃/喝/使用)
Learn sth .by oneself=teach oneself sth.(自学)
6、修饰可数名词(many/few表示否定意义/a few表示肯定意义)
修饰不可数名词(much/little表示否定意义/a little表示肯定意义)
注意:few和little与quite或only连用时,常加不定冠词a.
如:there are quite a few new books in the library.
7、当不定冠词something,anything.被形容词修饰时,形容词常后置。
如:there,s something important in today,s newpaper
8、some,every,all,both,either,anther的用法。
(1)some(一些、某)一般用于肯定句中,any(任何)多用于疑问句和否定句。
注意:some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。
如:
will you give me some water?
May I ask some qusetions?
(2)every+单数名词(每一个)强调共性,作定语,形式上为单数。
Each“每一个”强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常和of与连用。
如:
every child likes playing games.
Each of them has a nice skirt.
注意:every two days每两天,每隔一天
(3)all“全部,都”表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。None“没有”表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of.
如:we are all from canada=all of us from canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs(单,复数均可)
(4)both“两者”都,作主语时,看作复数,作定语时,后跟名词复数。
Either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数,作定语时,后跟名词单数。
Neiter “两者”都不,含有否定意义,用法同either。
如:they both swim well=both of them swim well.
There are trees on both sides of the street=there are trees on either side of the street .
Neither of us is going to beijing next week.
Neither answer is right .
(5)another+单数名词,指不定数中的另一个。
One the ……other “一个……,另一个……”指两者中的另一个。
Other+复数名词=the others指剩下的那些。
Other “别人”
Two= one…the other
Three=one …another …and the other
例如:she sent me three flowers,one was red ,another was blus and the other one is white.
Each othe 两者间的相互one another多着间的相互。
9、疑问代词五个“wh”,即who/whose/whom/what/which/
注意:对作定语的内容提问,常常用which.
例如:
I,m going to take the skirt ong the right.
Which skirt are you going to take?
初中英语基础知识及要点透析:形容词、副词
形容词用于修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质特征,在句中可作定语、表语或补语,副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子,主要用作状语。
1、联系动词常跟形容词作表语。
常用的联系动词有:
be,become,turn,get,go,grow,look,seem,feel,remain,sound,smell,taste等。
例如:
the plan sounds wonderful.
The space seems a bit excited.
2、大多数副词由“形容词+ly”构成,修饰动词或形容词。
例如:bravely/widely/deeply/slowly
Do well speak english fluently.
注意:有些词虽然以“ly”结尾,但其结构为:名词+ly→形容词
例如:friendly(友好的) lovely(可爱的)lively(生动活泼的)daily(日常的、每日的)elderly(上了年龄的)
3、形容词和副词的比较等级形式。
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级,原级、比较级、最高级。
(1)绝大多数单音节词和部分特殊的双音节词(主要是以辅音节字母+y结尾的词,以-ow结尾的词,以-er结尾的词,以-le结尾的词)加-er构成比较级,加est构成最高级。
例如:small—smaller—smallest
(2)重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写辅音字母加est。
例如:big—bigger—biggest
(3)以辅音字母加y 结尾,变y为i加er /est.
(4)大部分双音节单词,slowly等形容词+ly构成 的副词,所有的多音节词,前面加more构成比较级,加the most构成最高级(副词的最高级可省去the).
例如:careful—more careful---the most careful
Slowly—more slowly—the most slowly
(5)不规则变化
Little—less—least .(good/well)—better—best
Far-farther—farthest/further—furthest.
4、形容词和副词的比较句型。
(1)as……as和…一样(中间用原级)
例如:
he is as tall as you 他像你一样高。
(2)not as(so)……as 和……不一样(中间用原级)
例如:
he is not so tall as you 他不如你高。
(3)…than… ,…比…(用比较级)
例如:
he runs faster than you (do)!
(4)在第一个as前加程度状语
quite,almost,nearly,just,twice,threetimes等。
例如:
our room is twice as big as yours.我们的房间是你们的两倍大。
5、有范围修饰的用最高级。
In/of/among或用从句修饰的。
例如:
winter is the coldest season of the year.
6、比较级+and+比较级,意为“越来越…”
例如:hotter and hotter .
More and more beautiful.越来越漂亮。
7、the+比较级,the+比较级,越…就越…”
例如:the more ,the better.越多越好。
8、可用much/a little/even/still等修饰比较级。
例如:you did much better in the final exam than I did.
Today is even colder than yesterday.
9、在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one/that/those等 词来代替前面提到过的名词。
例如:the weather here is warmer than that of shanghai.
10、掌握三种同义句转换。
(1)he is taller than any other student in his class=he is the tallest(student)in his class.
(2)this film is less interesting than that one=this film isn,t as interesting as that one.
(3)I prefer maths to english=I like maths better than english.
11、enough修饰名词时,位于名词前,如:enough food;修饰形容词时位于其后。如:big enough,
12、too much和much too的用法。
Too much+不可数名词 太多的…… much too+形容词 太………
例如:I,m full. I,m afraid I had eaten too much(food).
The sweet is very beautiful ,but it is much too dear.
13、interesting和interested的用法。
Interesting有趣的,修饰物或在句子中主语一般是物。
Interested由于…感兴趣的,主语一般是人。
例如:we are very interested in the interesting story.
14、too……to和enough的用法。
too……to太…以至于…=not……enough……to do=so……that……not do.
例如:
He is not old enough to go to school.
=he is too young to go to school.
=he is so young that he can not go to school.
看过“初中英语基础知识及要点透析 ”