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仁爱初中英语知识点总结

时间: 如英2 初三英语

  仁爱初中英语知识点总结:数词

  2、基数词:表示数目的词叫基数词。

  1、 英语中常用的基数词有:

  1000→one(a) thousand,10000→ ten thousand,100000→one hundred thousand ,1000000→one million,10000000→ten million, 100000000→one hundred million,

  108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred , 1001→one thousand and one, 1813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.

  2、[注]:(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。

  (2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。

  (3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)

  3、序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

  1、 英语的序数词基本变法:

  (1) 一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。

  2、序数词如下:

  1000th→one thousandth, 1000000th →one millionth., 第703→the seven hundred and third,

  第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.

  3、注:(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth,

  (2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如:I’m in the third grade.

  (3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如:1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→a quarter ; 3/4→ three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).

  4、数词的用法:

  1、表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.

  2、表示日期: 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.

  3、表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.

  4、表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five; Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine

  5、小数的读法:5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.

  6、“半”的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.

  7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)

  仁爱初中英语知识点总结:冠词

  1、冠词分类及读法:

  英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法:单独念时读[Ti:],在句子中常发[Ti ](元音之前)或者[T[](辅音之前);

  不定冠词a/an的读法:单独念时读 [ei ]/[An ];在句子中常发 [[]/[[n]。

  2、不定冠词a / an的用法:

  不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。

  不定冠词的基本用法:

  (1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)

  (2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)

  (2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)

  (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)

  (5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。

  3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。

  定冠词的基本用法:

  (1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)

  (2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)

  (3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)

  (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)

  (5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)

  (6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去?) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)

  (7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)

  (8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)

  (9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)

  (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)

  (11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)

  (12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。

  4、一些不用冠词的情况:

  (1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)

  (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)

  (3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)

  (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)

  (5) 三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)

  (6) 节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)

  (7) 球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)

  (8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)

  (9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of

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