北京高考英语阅读题答题技巧(2)

　　4、词义句意题解题技巧

　　要求考生通过阅读上下文，结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征：划线或者引号

　　解题方法之一：根据上下文，往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。

　　Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?

　　62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)

　　A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager

　　解析：从burning这个词来说，意为“发热的，强烈的，燃烧的”，后面紧跟动词词组“find out”说明在寻找时刻的心情是很紧张和急迫的，最后是一个宾语从句，是我曾经做错过什么，那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的，热切的”词义，显然为D选项。

　　5、结构顺序题解题技巧

　　常见提问方式：

　　How is the passage organized?

　　Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

　　The author develops the passage mainly by….

　　解题思路：

　　(1) 注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，

　　(2) 找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。

　　(3) 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。

　　The Diet Zone： A Dangerous Place

　　Diet Coke， diet Pepsi， diet pills， no-fat diet， vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).

　　Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level， we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight， but in controlling the consumption of fatty， high-calorie， unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

　　On another level， diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink， we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain， and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

　　The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us， but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional， and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

　　Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us， it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds， not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this， we will be much better able to resist diet products， and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英语北京卷E篇)

　　二、七选五型阅读

　　考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下，准确理解整篇文章，特别是设题部位前后句的逻辑关系，通过上下文的线索进行判断，预测下文，然后做出正确判断。

　　命题分析：我们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群，这个信息群实际上是由两大信息版块构成的：

　　已知信息：原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息

　　待选信息：七个待选选项中的信息

　　这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的，而是有紧密的互动逻辑关系，连起来是一篇完整的文章。

　　考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面：

　　(1) 把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系

　　(2) 把握微观信息间关联性(即空格前后句间关系)

　　解题方法：词汇同现、词汇复现、代词妙用、数字线索、逻辑线索。

　　Muzak

　　The next time you go into a bank， a store， or a supermarket， stop and listen. What do you hear? _____ (71) It's similar to the music you listen to， but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you， or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing， but you react to the music anyway.

　　Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (电梯) music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places， and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time， with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning， and between three and four in the afternoon， when people are more tired.______ (72)

　　If you listen to Muzak carefully， you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak， but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? _____ (73)

　　Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ (74)Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.

　　_____ (75)They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another， Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!( 2010年高考英语北京卷)

　　A. Some people don't like Muzak.

　　B. The music gives them extra energy.

　　C. Music is playing in the background.

　　D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more.

　　E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.

　　F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.

　　G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.

　　答案：CBFDA

　　代词妙用：代词指代前面提到的thing， 所以只要找到与代词含义一致的词就可搞定。

　　71空格后面出现“It's similar to the music you listen to，”那么我们只要分析出其中的“it”的具体指代即可，通过题目及略读下文，我们很容易知道该文介绍一种音乐，而且第一段故作悬念，一直未给出其名字，所以我们只要找到选项中包含音乐一词而没有点名缪扎克一词的即可，很容易锁定BC选项，因为B项意义与下文相去甚远，故舍B取C没商量。

　　75空格后出现“They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.”，同理，我们就要确定“they”的具体指代，首先由于“say”的出现，我们锁定“they”为人的复数，所以轻松锁定ADF，所谓真金不怕火来炼，D显然逻辑不通，F由于其主语也为人，段落第一句永远不会出现意思不明的代词(we， you 除外，因为它们可以明确指代广义的人)，故轻松排除F选出真金A。

　　72此题虽然不是明显的后文出现代词，但其前亦有代词出现，“It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning，”下文承接上文，肯定有联系，找出“it”的具体指代-the music， 轻松选出B项。(注：也可应用词汇复现法)

　　词汇复现法：情非得已时选择的一种方法，知道与前后文中有词汇重复的选项即可，有时也可指含义一致的词汇，如72

　　73前文中“but others are happy when their songs are chosen”有“their songs”， F项亦有相同词汇出现，放进去，意思通晓明白，搞定。

　　74后文中“Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有”percent more“，D项亦有相同词汇出现，且意思连贯，选出即可。

　　72题中前句中出现”when people are more tired. “能够与”tired“相对应的四选项中只有”energy“，累了对应能量，亦可做出此题。

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