2016高考英语被动语态复习指导
被动语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。这今天学习啦小编要与大家分享的是2016高考英语语法复习:被动语态的相关指导。具体内容如下,欢迎参考阅读!
2016高考英语语法:各时态的被动语态
<例句>
I am given a lot of work to do.
他们给了我大量工作。
<语法分析>
一般时态的被动语态构成是:一般现在时的被动语态构成为am, is或are +过去分词,一般过去时的被动语态构成为was 或were +过去分词,一般将来时的被动语态构成是will (shall) be +过去分词,一般过去将来时的被动语态构成是would be +过去分词。现在进行时态的被动语态构成为am, is或are + being +过去分词,过去进行时态的被动语态构成为was或were + being +过去分词。现在完成时的被动语态构成为has或have + been +过去分词,过去完成时的被动语态构成为had + been +过去分词。
<触类旁通>
(1) The boy is called Tiger.
这个小孩叫老虎。
语法分析:一般现在时的被动语态构成为am, is或are +过去分词。
(2) Where were you educated?
你在什么地方受的教育?
语法分析:一般过去时的被动语态构成为was或were +过去分词。
(3) Shall I be allowed to go with you?
允许我和你们一起去吗?
语法分析:一般将来时的被动语态构成是will或shall be +过去分词。
(4) I was afraid I wouldn't be admitted.
我担心我进不去。
语法分析:一般过去将来时的被动语态构成是would be +过去分词。
(5) She was being looked after by her brother.
她正由她弟弟照顾。
语法分析:过去进行时态的被动语态构成was或were + being +过去分词。
(6) She told me that the factory had been closed down.
她告诉我这家工厂已经倒闭。
语法分析:过去完成时的被动语态构成为 had + been +过去分词。
<巩固练习>
(1) The two words _____ pronpounced in the same way.
(2) They ______ given a warm send-off at the airport.
(3) The result ______ not be announced until 5 o'clock.
(4) He thought he _____ be invited.
(5) They _____[be] interrogated by the police.
(6) The troops _____[be] inspected by the president.
(7) _____ they been notified about it?
(8) We were glad that he _____ been awarded a gold medal.
<参考答案>
(1) are (2) were (3) will (4) would (5) are being (6) were being (7) Have (8) had
被动语态
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
在英语中,被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。需要注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。注意:那些汉语中有“被……”的短语往往又不是被动语态,而是主系表结构。还有些特殊现象,如:“known to me的意思,英语却应该用被动态。还要注意,英语的被动语态往往由“by”引出,而有用介词“by on foot”步行(美国人有时用“by foot”),“in carriage”(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及“so heavy to carry”而不用“so heavy to be carried”等习惯用法。有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动语态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢?首先要明确“将来进行无被动,现在完成时进行同”。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外,不及物动词带有同原宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂。下面口诀就以动词“do”为例,即“do、did”过去式“done”过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态。一定对你有所启示。 当然了,被动语态也可以概括为“be done”。也就是“be+过去分词”。
特别提醒:
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。
例如:
We heard him singing in his room just now.
-He was heard to sing in his room just now.
刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。
need doing something也表示被动