人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识梳理、重点词汇解析(3)
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。
(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。
(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用...and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。
[应用2] (1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P.E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________， destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
3. especially/ specially
【解释】
especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要
specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。
2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。
答案: 1). especially 2). specially
4 a number of / the number of
【解释】
a number of意思是“若干;许多”
the number of意思是“……的数目”
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.
2). ____________ books in the market are in English.
答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of
II词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
1. actual adj. 实际的 actually adv. 实际上;事实上
2. base n. 基地;基础 base v. 以……为根据 basic adj. 基本的
3. east n. 东方 eastern adj. 东方的;东部的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) What did he _________ say? (actual)
2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)
3)My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base)
4)She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base)
5)This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base)
6)He is interested in ________ customs. (determine)
7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine)
答案: 1) actually 2) actual 3) basic 4) base
5) based 6) eastern 7) east
重点词汇
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的;目前的vt. 赠送
[典例] 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
[重点用法]
at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在
be present at 出席;到场(反义： be absent from)
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
[练习] 中译英
1). 所有(那些)在场者一眼就看出那个错误。
2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。
答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.
2). This book was a present from my brother.
2. command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制… be at one’s command 听任某人支配
have / take command of… 指挥…
[特别提醒] command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
[练习] 用适当的介词填空
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.
2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.
答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of
3. request n.& v. 请求;要求
[典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.
2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事
⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.
⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.
⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.
[练习] 中译英。
1). 我是(特别)应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。
答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.
扩展===联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：
一个“坚持(insist)”;
两个“命令(order，command)”;
三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”;
四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”;
4. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认;公认
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]
recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是 recognize +宾语从句 意识到;承认
[练习] 中译英 1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。
2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。
答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.
2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.
5. straight adj.笔直的;正直的 adv. 直接;挺直
[典例] 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
[练习] 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。
答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.
6. block vt. 堵塞;阻碍n. 街区;木块;石块
[典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块 block out 堵住 block off 封锁;封闭 block up 堵塞;阻碍
[练习] 中译英
1). 他们在绕楼群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。
答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block.
2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
7、actually adv. 实际上;事实上
相近词汇：in fact\as a matter of fact
8.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
9..native adj. 本地的，出生地的;天赋的
n. 本地人;出生于某国的人
be native to... 原产于某地
one’s native country/land 本国，祖国
native place 出生地
one’s native language 本国语，本族语，母语
a native of 当地人/产于……的动/植物
[即学即练1] (1)China is our ____________， and Chinese is our ____________.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
(2)The tiger __________________ India.这种虎产于印度。
(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。
答案.native country; native language;is native to;a native of